Potential ecohydrological controls on peat degradation and vegetation pattern change in a kettle-hole bog
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last 200 years land-use change in southern Ontario, Canada, has reduced wetland area and altered peatland vegetation. More recent threats to wetlands include enhanced nutrient loading from agricultural areas, which may have a profound impact on bog vegetation and carbon dynamics-potentially leading to peat degradation. We examined vegetation pattern change (1964-1999) and contemporary carbon dioxide exchange in a kettle-hole bog in an agricultural landscape undergoing a shift to crops with nonpoint source nutrient loading. Many of the zones of bog vegetation change (loss in Sphagnum sp. and Chamaedaphne calyculata and increase in Carex spp. and Thelypteris palustris) occurred near the lagg in zones that also had high NO:,' concentrations (10-20 mg l -1 ). The loss of typical bog species along the margin of the peatland (adjacent to the lagg) was accompanied by an expansion of the lagg from 11 to 17% of the overall peatland area. Carbon dioxide exchange results suggest that some sections of the bog are degrading (large loss of CO 2 to the atmosphere). Although it has been suggested that watershed deforestation by European settlement led to the expansion of southern Ontario kettle-hole bogs, the patterns of vegetation change in this study suggest that this bog is reverting to a poor fen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".