Effect of fasting on resting and diving metabolic rate in Steller sea lions ( <i>Eumetopias jubatus</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The metabolic trade off between thermoregulation and fasting was assessed for foraging Steller sea lions. Pre‐dive resting (RMR) and diving (dive + surface) metabolic rates (DMR, 1 O 2 · min−1) were measured for dives ranging between 20 to 50 m in 3 female Steller sea lions (mean initial body masses, M b : 144.3, 167.4 and 219.9 kg) before and after a 9‐day fast. The sea lions lost an average of 9.8 % of their body mass ( M b ) or 1.1 % per day. Dive duration and dive depth did not significantly affect DMR ( p > 0.1). Average RMR and DMR before fasting ranged between 0.71 and 1.98 O 2 • min −1 and was positively correlated with M b ( r 2 = 0.97, p < 0.05). Both RMR (36.3 ± 5.22 %) and DMR (14.2 ± 12.3 %) decreased after fasting. The smaller decrease in DMR compared to RMR indicates that the cost of thermoregulation increased during diving compared to resting. RMR tended to increase in fasted sea lions within 1 hour of feeding, but was not observed in fed sea lions ( p = 0.07). This suggests that digestion of food started while diving and had a greater energetic priority than dive performance in fasted animals. (Support: North Pacific Marine Science Foundation and NOAA; SC supported by a graduate student grant from the Swedish Government and by travel funds from SEB).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".