Changes in semicircular canal morphology in response to selective breeding for high voluntary wheel running
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variation in semicircular canal (SCC) radius of curvature (R) and shape show correlations with locomotor agility among species of mammals. We used laboratory mice from 4 replicate lines bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR) and 4 non‐selected control lines (C) to examine responses in the SCC to 8 weeks of access to wheels and 21 generations of selection. Mouse crania were μCT scanned at 21 μm resolution and linear measurements, 3D landmarks, and centroid sizes of the SCC were taken. Linear measures were used to calculate R for all three canals and their mean, whereas landmarks were used to generate multivariate descriptors of 3D canal shape. HR mice weighed less than C and wheel access reduced body mass for both groups. ANCOVA showed that body mass was a significant positive predictor of R. However, when controlling for body mass we found no differences in R between HR and C, no effect of wheel access, and no interaction. SCC shape was also significantly correlated with body mass; controlling for body mass or centroid size, there were significant differences in SCC shape between HR and C mice. These results demonstrate that semicircular canal morphology is responsive to selection for locomotor activity and that canal shape may be more sensitive than canal size. Funding for this project provided by a U.C. Riverside Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship to HS, Canadian Foundation for Innovation to BH and IOS‐1121273 to TG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".