Bibliographic record
Abstract
The revolutions of the old style are at an end. That is especially what the course of the movement of 1848 shows. The great social movement of modern times is revolutionary too in its thought content, and avoids the beaten paths which the vanished bourgeois parties had trodden. It sets itself new goals and travels on new ways. This appraisal of the Revolutions of 1848, written at the end of the nineteenth century by a follower of Marx, encapsulates Bauer's own estimation of the emancipatory prospects of the movement, despite the vehement disagreements between these former allies. The nature of the new goals and the new ways has remained a subject of controversy, and widely divergent assessments have continued to be produced. Among the array of issues raised by the Revolutions of 1848, the participants themselves agreed on the vital political importance of the social question, the existence of new forms of poverty and resistance linked to the end of the old agrarian order and the beginnings of capitalist industrial production. They disagreed violently on its causes and its solution. It has not been recognised to what extent the social question shapes the work of Bruno Bauer, especially in the later years of the Vormärz . Since 1843, Bauer had posed the relation of political and social emancipation as an object of critical theory. Even before the polemics occasioned by the publication of Marx's Holy Family , Bauer was responding to the emergence of the social question, which was a determinant of political debate in Germany, as elsewhere in Europe.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".