Les Chambres africaines extraordinaires: compétence, définition des crimes, modes de responsabilité et participation des victimes (Extraodinary African Chambers: Jurisdiction, Crimes, Mode of Liability and Victims Participation)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Cette contribution traite du droit substantiel applicable devant les Chambres africaines extraordinaires instituees au sein des tribunaux senegalais pour juger l’ancien President tchadien, Hissene Habre. Elle discute des enjeux et des implications juridiques lies aux domaines de competence (la circonscription temporelle, territoriale, materielle et personnelle), opere une mise en balance des actes sous-jacents constitutifs de crime de guerre, crime contre l’humanite, crime de genocide et la torture a titre de crime autonome en comparaison aux crimes internationaux devant les autres juridictions penales internationales. Cette discussion est suivie d’une analyse sommaire des modes de responsabilite penale notamment le sort de la co-perpetration et de la commission d’un crime par l’intermediaire d’une autre personne – en ce qui concerne la responsabilite penale individuelle – puis elle emet un doute sur la qualite civile ou militaire du superieur hierarchique dans la responsabilite du superieur hierarchique. L’article s’acheve par une analyse des modalites pratiques de la participation des victimes a la procedure de meme que la structure et le fonctionnement internes des Chambres.English Abstract: This contribution deals with the substantive law applicable before the Extraordinary African Chambers established in the Senegalese courts to try the former Chadian President, Hissene Habre. It discusses various stakes and legal implications related to the areas of jurisdiction (the temporal, territorial, material and personal confines), operates a balancing of specific acts constituting war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and torture as a separate crime in comparison to international crimes before other international criminal courts. This discussion is followed by a brief analysis of the modes of criminal responsibility including the fate of co-perpetration and commission of a crime through another person – in terms of individual criminal responsibility – and it expresses a doubt about the civil or military nature of the superior, regarding the command responsibility. The article concludes with an analysis of the practical modalities of victims participation in proceedings as well as the structure and internal functioning of the Chambers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".