Retinal blood flow in response to an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the hemodynamic response of retinal arterioles and venules following a single intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD) patients and to assess the influence of the number of prior injections on this response. METHODS: Fifteen NV-AMD patients were prospectively recruited and grouped according to the dosage of ranibizumab previously received. Group 1 NV-AMD patients (n = 7) had previously received 1.50 mg or less, and group 2 patients (n = 8) had received more than 1.50 mg in the study eye. A group of 12 non-NV AMD patients were also recruited for control comparison. Vessel diameter, centreline blood velocity and blood flow were assessed with the Canon Laser Blood Flowmeter immediately prior to an injection and at a mean follow-up of 37.7 and 36.7 days for group 1 and group 2 patients, respectively. RESULTS: The NV-AMD patients as a whole and the group 1 cohort had a significantly greater arteriolar diameter at baseline than the non-NV AMD patients. There was a significant reduction in arteriolar diameter, velocity and blood flow in group 1 but not in group 2 NV-AMD patients at follow-up. There was only an insignificant decrease in measured parameters of the retinal venules. At follow-up, there was no difference in the diameter, velocity or flow between AMD patients. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for NV-AMD induces a reduction in arteriolar diameter, velocity, and blood flow in patients who have received <1.50 mg of ranibizumab.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".