Bibliographic record
Abstract
the look back at neo-Kantian epistemology and Carnap's own work in the 1920s leading to Der logische Aufbau der Welt has served to highlight important themes that we shall examine in this chapter in relation to the 1928 book itself. First, the point of view of the epistemological project of the Aufbau is in some respects closer to, for example, Ernst Cassirer's general epistemology in Substance and Function than to Carnap's own conventionalist methodology of science. Three aspects of the Aufbau are particularly noteworthy in this regard: First, the stress on the epistemological centrality of objectivity is more pronounced than it was in Carnap's methodological work; second, the role of logic is much greater here than it had been previously in Carnap's work; third, simply as a general epistemology, the Aufbau has the broad scope of Cassirer's logic of objective knowledge, rather than the more narrow scope of Carnap's work on physics. These connections, of course, give rise ultimately to great divergences between the project of the Aufbau and Cassirer's logical idealism. The principal reason for this is that Carnap's formal logic allows him to present a technical project that Cassirer had never attempted. This technical project no longer allows the expression of Carnap's earlier rejection of strict empiricism. But this does not mean that he now endorses strict empiricism; it means, rather, that he can no longer distinguish the genuinely epistemological aspects of the project of empiricism from the epistemological aspects of neo-Kantianism. Beyond this, however, we now have all the pieces we need to understand the circumstance that has driven our curiosity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.063 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.021 | 0.035 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".