Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smooth pursuit eye movements have been described as resulting from the tracking of self-moved targets in total darkness. This study investigated the nature of the signal responsible for the release of smooth pursuit in this particular situation. Simultaneous monitoring of eye and hand positions shows that in total darkness smooth pursuit can only be released if the imagined target is either passively or actively moved by the subject's hand. An ischaemic block applied at the level of the biceps allowed us to selectively remove the afferent signal preferentially to the efferent copy in tasks involving eye tracking of an imaginary target actively or passively moved. The results show that an afferent signal was necessary and sufficient to release smooth pursuit, whereas the efferent copy alone could not trigger smooth pursuit. However, the efferent copy could play an important role in the phase relationship (prediction) between eye and finger events and in the activation of the concomitantly active saccadic system. Analysis of the eye movement characteristics, in various non-visually guided, load-affected situations, suggested that the main input to the smooth pursuit system was derived, in a non-graded way, from the position detector activation of the target-moving structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".