Quality Evaluation of Eutrophic Sediments at St. Augustin Lake, Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
St. Augustin Lake is located 20 kilometers west from Quebec City in the territory of Quebec's Provincial Capital. The whole basin land is largely urbanized with some agricultural and wetland zones, some forest spots and surrounded by an important network of highways. The lake neighbors an industrial park that includes airport installations and storage facilities for chemical products. In 1993, a first quality study revealed the presence of some toxic metals in lake sediments. Although, lower levels were found, these analyses were performed at a time where neither standards methods nor quality guidelines were available in Canada. Recently launched, a major City project aims to open the lake to public recreational activities and involves the cleaning of water. St. Augustin Lake is in a eutrophic state most of the year, and all usages have been limited. However, a recent paleo-limnologic study showed that the lake used to be in the past (60 years ago) rather mesotrophic. The water clean-up program cannot succeed without the evaluation and restoration (if needed) of the bottom sediments. Indeed, bottom sediments may constitute important reservoirs for contaminants such as phosphorus, nitrogen, heavy metals and hydrocarbons. These contaminants may be strongly attached to organic colloids, clay and carbonates that are usually present in sediments. This study shows metal profiles and their distribution and correlations between metals and some sediment constituents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".