Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in 2 Free-Ranging Black Bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>), Quebec, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
S ince its arrival in North America during De- cember 2021, the Eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, has been associated with a high mortality rate for wild birds all over the continent (1).Affected bird species include mainly waterfowl and colonial nesting marine birds, as well as scavenger birds, such as gulls, eagles, vultures, and corvids (2,3).As with several other subtypes, HPAI H5N1 can potentially infect persons, although clinical cases in humans have been limited (4).However, this virus has been shown to be pathogenic for different species of wild mammals, including red fox, striped skunk, mink, raccoon, and seals (5-7).Infections with influenza A(H1N1) viruses have been described in captive sloth bears (8).We report and describe infections by HPAI H5N1 virus in 2 black bears (Ursus americanus) found in Quebec, Canada, during the summer of 2022. The StudyTwo young-of-the-year black bear cubs (likely born in January-February) were observed wandering on a road within the Forillon National Park in Gaspé, Quebec, Canada (48°51′39′′N, 64°13′26′′W), on June 14, 2022.The cubs, which were active and quite vocal, were not attended by their dam.Shortly afterward, an adult female bear with unusual behavior was reported ≈200 m from the cubs.This female was wandering between vehicles, fell into a river, and began circling.Upon the arrival of park officials, the animal was in lateral recumbency and convulsing in a ditch.Because of the severity of the neurologic signs present and concern for public safety, the bear was anesthetized and then euthanized.The 2 cubs, presumed to be orphaned, were also euthanized.The carcasses of the adult female and 1 of the cubs were subsequently frozen.The adult female was thawed a few days later and examined on site.Different organs were sampled, refrozen and shipped, along with the originally frozen cub, to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative Quebec regional center for further macroscopic examination, which was performed on July 7, 2022.Macroscopic examination of viscera of the adult female show no notable findings, other than extensive postmortem changes.The cub (a 5.1-kg female) was thin and had limited fat stores.A mild mesenteric lymphadenomegaly was present, and the cerebrum appeared to be diffusely congested.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».