A Study on James Legge's English Translation of Lun Yu/UNE ETUDE SUR LA TRADUCTION DES ENTRETIENS DE CONFUCIUS DE JAMES LEGGE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Lun Yu, a masterpiece of ancient Chinese philosophy, is among most influential books in Chinese history. Legge's English translation of Lun Yu has stood test of time, distinguished as standard work by which subsequent translations of classics have been judged. The most remarkable quality of Legge's version is its faithfulness in content, owing to Legge's scholarly industry and keen perception of original. Legge ensured a comprehension of Confucianism from his readership which is similar to general Chinese interpretation. In spite of some referential and pragmatic inaccuracy, any careful, patient and judicious Western reader is able to perceive Confucius' key concepts (Ren, Li, etc.), and his ethical, political, philosophical and educational thoughts through Legge's translation. Legge had made a great contribution to introduction of Confucianism and Chinese culture to West. Key words: Lun Yu; Legge; translation; faithfulness Resume: Les Entretiens de Confucius, le chef-d'oeuvre de la philosophie de la Chine ancienne, est parmi les livres les plus influents de l'histoire chinoise. La traduction anglaise des Entretiens de Confucius de Legge a resiste a l'epreuve du temps, distingue comme le standard de travail par lequel les traductions ulterieures des classiques ont ete jugees. La qualite la plus remarquable de la version de Legge est sa fidelite dans le contenu, grâce au savoir erudii de Legge et sa perception aigue de l'original. Legge a assure une comprehension du confucianisme de son lectorat, qui est similaire a l'interpretation generale chinoise. En depit de certaines imprecisions referentielles et pragmatiques, tous les lecteurs occidentaux attentifs, patients et judicieux sont capables de percevoir les concepts cles de Confucius (Ren, Li, etc), et son ethique, ses pensees politiques, philosophiques et pedagogiques a travers la traduction de Walter Legge. Legge avait apporte une grande contribution l'introduction du confucianisme et de la culture chinoise a l'Occident. Mots-cles : Entretiens de Confucius; traduction; fidelite 1. INTRODUCTION Confucianism represents way of life of Chinese people for over 2,000 years. Confucius (55 1-479B.C), founder of Confucianism, is considered as one of most predominant figures in history of human thought, a pioneering educator, social critic, and political scientist. The collection known as Lun Yu is among most influential books in history, a masterpiece of ancient Chinese philosophy as well as a basic sourcebook for a wide range of advice on human affairs, from administering countries and undertaking enterprises, to dealing with social problems and getting along with friends, to maintaining family and mastering oneself. The influence of Confucianism is not confined to China. It can also be found in culture of neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. The introduction of Confucianism to West began in early 17th century. The first work of translation from Confucian literature is a book entitled Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, sive Scientia Sinensis, which was published in Paris by four Jesuit missionaries in year of 1687. Special attention was paid to these texts and study on Confucianism has never stopped ever since. There are a number of outstanding admirers of Confucianism in Europe including Gottfried Leibniz, Voltaire, Goethe, Alexander Pope and Charles Lamb, among whom French writer, Voltaire, is typical example. He was enchanted by moral code of Confucius and wrote his own play Orphelin de la Chine in 1755 by employing theme of Chinese drama Orphan of Zhao Family, describing it as the Morals of Confucius in five acts. The translation of Confucian classics is indispensable for introduction of Confucianism to West. Among these classics Lun Yu is earliest and most reliable source on life and teachings of Confucius and is regarded as basic scripture of Confucianism. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".