Production of cryoprotectant extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS) by the marine psychrophilic bacterium<i>Colwellia psychrerythraea</i>strain 34H under extreme conditionsThis article is one of a selection of papers in the Special Issue on Polar and Alpine Microbiology.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS) play critical roles in microbial ecology, including the colonization of extreme environments in the ocean, from sea ice to the deep sea. After first developing a sugar-free growth medium, we examined the relative effects of temperature, pressure, and salinity on EPS production (on a per cell basis) by the obligately marine and psychrophilic gamma-proteobacterium, Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H. Over growth-permissive temperatures of approximately 10 to -4 degrees C, EPS production did not change, but from -8 to -14 degrees C when samples froze, EPS production rose dramatically. Similarly, at growth-permissive hydrostatic pressures of 1-200 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) (at -1 and 8 degrees C), EPS production was unchanged, but at higher pressures of 400 and 600 atm EPS production rose markedly. In salinity tests at 10-100 parts per million (and -1 and 5 degrees C), EPS production increased at the freshest salinity tested. Extreme environmental conditions thus appear to stimulate EPS production by this strain. Furthermore, strain 34H recovered best from deep-freezing to -80 degrees C (not found for Earthly environments) if first supplemented with a preparation of its own EPS, rather than other cryoprotectants like glycerol, suggesting EPS production as both a survival strategy and source of compounds with potentially novel properties for biotechnological and other applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".