The combination of two p‐doped layers for improving the hole current of organic light‐emitting diodes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The combination of MoO 3 ‐doped 4,4‐ N , N ‐ bis [ N ‐1‐naphthyl‐ N ‐phenyl‐amino]biphenyl (NPB:MoO 3 ) and 4,4′‐ N , N ′‐dicarbazole‐biphenyl (CBP:MoO 3 ) was used to enhance the hole conduction in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is found that the OLED using NPB:MoO 3 10 nm/CBP:MoO 3 5 nm showed a much increased current density than the one using NPB:MoO 3 5 nm/CBP:MoO 3 5 nm at a given voltage larger than 4 V, mainly because the hole transport barrier across the p‐doped heterojunction in the former device became smaller than that in the latter device with the driving voltage increasing, despite the fact that the 10‐nm NPB:MoO 3 in the former device caused more Ohmic loss than the 5‐nm one in the latter device. As a result of the higher conductivity of NPB:MoO 3 than that of CBP:MoO 3 , the OLED using the combination of 15‐nm NPB:MoO 3 and 5‐nm CBP:MoO 3 showed significantly increased performance than the one using the single 20‐nm CBP:MoO 3 . We provide a useful way of advancing the OLEDs toward the practical applications in general lighting and flat‐panel displays.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it