Kit for detection of fungal endophytes of grasses yields inconsistent results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary 1. The Agrinostics field immunoblot assay is a colour‐imprint assay originally developed for routinely and rapid detection of mycotoxin‐producing fungi Neotyphodium spp./ Epichloë spp. from samples of pasture, turf, cereals and seeds of agricultural grasses. 2. In addition the Agrinostics immunoblot assay has been used and recommended for exploring the presence and ecological role of Neotyphodium and the closely related Epichloë in several cool season grasses. 3. Here we demonstrate that this method is not limited to detection of only these two species, as several other fungal endophyte genera or species also yielded positive results when mycelia were loaded onto cards. Moreover, other closely related endophyte genera or species were found to yield negative result. Thus, the assay is neither specific to isolates of Neotyphodium / Epichloë nor is it universal for fungal endophyte detection. 4. Our study underscore the fact that the Agrinostics field immunoblot assay should not be used on its own for field research into the broader ecological significance of Neotyphodium/Epichloë. 5. We suggest that the assay may be best suited for use in agricultural fields or in controlled greenhouse experiments for hyphal load estimates, and should always be accompanied by other methods (e.g. microscopic visualization, DNA‐sequencing) to confirm infection frequencies and certify that the endophyte present actually is Neotyphodium/Epichloë .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".