Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, as Information and communication technologies (ICT) are getting more and more widely used in classrooms, researchers have been trying to identify effective ways for ICT to be utilized in school classrooms to enhance teaching and learning. However, it is argued that traditional scientific research methodologies are not really applicable for studies on ICT integration in classrooms, as these research approaches, more often than not, fail to reflect the dynamics and complexity of the school classroom. Some researchers who adopted design research in their research projects advocate the employment of this research methodology as an alternative to overcome the limitations of traditional scientific research in the domain of ICT integration in classrooms. Based on a review of literature, this paper first examines the advantages and problems of adopting ICT in classrooms, and then discusses the use of design research as an alternative research methodology for studies on ICT in classrooms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.317 | 0.302 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.014 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".