CTLs Contain and Use Intracellular Stores of FasL Distinct from Cytolytic Granules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CTL lyse target cells through the release of cytolytic granule contents and cell surface expression of Fas ligand (FasL). Current models suggest that FasL is stored in cytolytic granules and that FasL cell surface expression would be subject to the same controls as degranulation. We demonstrate that murine CTLs undergo two waves of FasL cell surface expression after stimulation. The first wave is from a pre-existing pool of FasL, and the second wave requires new protein synthesis. Signaling for FasL expression appears to be finely tuned as a weak signal preferentially induced surface translocation of the stored FasL, whereas a strong signal preferentially triggered the expression of de novo synthesized FasL. The early FasL is differentially regulated from degranulation, as there were multiple circumstances whereby rapid FasL cell surface expression and FasL-dependent killing occurred in the absence of detectable degranulation. Furthermore, we found through confocal microscopy that stored FasL resides in vesicles distinct from cytolytic granules. Our data clearly show that CTL degranulation and FasL lytic mechanisms are fully independent with respect to stored component localization and regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".