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THE POPULATION OF GALAXY–GALAXY STRONG LENSES IN FORTHCOMING OPTICAL IMAGING SURVEYS

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

About CanadaIts subject is Canada, wherever its authors sit.

No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Classifier prediction

metacan-v1-d91a1de5be90

Predictions imitate two machine teachers. Scores are not calibrated prevalence probabilities.

Classifier candidate
ObservationalTheoretical or conceptual
Classifier consensus
Observational
Teacher imitation scores

Codex

Observational0.999
Theoretical or conceptual0.032
Other design0.005
Metaresearch0.000
Simulation or modelling0.000
Bench or experimental0.000
Research integrity0.000
Case report0.000
Qualitative0.000
Bibliometrics0.000
Scholarly communication0.000
Randomized trial0.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.000
Science and technology studies0.000
Open science0.000
Non-randomized trial0.000
Systematic review0.000
Meta-analysis0.000
Not applicable0.000

Gemma

Observational0.995
Theoretical or conceptual0.012
Simulation or modelling0.011
Qualitative0.000
Scholarly communication0.000
Bench or experimental0.000
Non-randomized trial0.000
Case report0.000
Science and technology studies0.000
Open science0.000
Research integrity0.000
Randomized trial0.000
Metaresearch0.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.000
Bibliometrics0.000
Meta-analysis0.000
Not applicable0.000
Systematic review0.000

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.244
Teacher spread
0.228 how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

Ongoing and future imaging surveys represent significant improvements in depth, area and seeing compared to current data-sets. These improvements offer the opportunity to discover up to three orders of magnitude more galaxy-galaxy strong lenses than are currently known. In this work we forecast the number of lenses discoverable in forthcoming surveys and simulate their properties. We generate a population of statistically realistic strong lenses and simulate observations of this population for t…

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.