On English Translation of Culture-Specific Items in the Ancient Chinese Official System:A Descriptive and Comparative Study on Hawkes’ and Yangs’ English Translated Cases of Hong Lou Meng
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The English translation of the ancient Chinese official system from Hong Lou Meng is a significant difficulty in cross-cultural language interpretation, however, it has not been sufficient to cause the academic attention. Therefore, based on the “culture-specific items” theory proposed by Aixela and combined with the category framework revised by Professor ZHANG Nanfeng in accordance with E-C translation , this paper explores the best way which will realize the accurate complete transmission between the target language readers and the referential meaning of the source language through descriptive and comparative analysis of their specific translation strategies and effective performance in Hawkes’ and Yangs’ English translated versions, to reflect the unique national cultural characteristics of the Ancient Chinese official system culture. Key words: Culture-specific items; Translating strategies; Source language; Target language; Ancient Chinese official system; Hong Lou Meng Resume: La traduction en anglais de l'ancien systeme officiel chinois dans le Reve dans le pavillon rouge est une difficulte importante dans l'interpretation interculturelle. Toutefois, elle n'a pas ete suffisante pour provoquer l'attention des chercheurs. Du coup, sur la base de la theorie des specifiques a la culture proposee par Aixela et combinee avec le cadre categorique revise par professeur Zhang Nanfeng en conformite avec la traduction anglo-chinoise, cette these explore la meilleure facon qui realisera la transmission exacte et complete entre les lecteurs de langue cible et la signification referentielle de la langue de source a travers l'analyse descriptive et comparative des strategies de traduction specifique de Hawkes et Yang et la performance efficace dans les versions traduites en anglais, afin de refleter les caracteristiques culturelles, uniques et nationales de la de l'ancien systeme officiel chinois. Mots-cles: elements specifiques a la culture; strategies de traduction; langue de source; langue cible; ancien systeme officiel chinois; Reve dans le pavillon rouge
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".