Understanding the Anomalous Capacity of Li/Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−2x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−x/3)]]O[sub 2] Cells Using In Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Electrochemical Studies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of cells for 1/4, 1/3, 5/12, and 1/2 is reported. is derived from or by substitution of and by while maintaining all the remaining Mn atoms in the oxidation state. Conventional wisdom suggests that lithium can be removed from these materials only until both the Ni and Mn oxidation states reach giving a charge capacity of We show that cells give smooth reversible voltage profiles reaching about 4.45 V when Li atoms per formula unit are removed, as expected. If the cells are charged to higher voltages, surprisingly, they exhibit a long plateau of length approximately equal to in the range between 4.5 and 4.7 V. Subsequent to this plateau, the materials can reversibly cycle over 225 mAh/g (almost one Li atom per formula unit) between 2.0 and 4.8 V. In situ X-ray diffraction and differential capacity measurements are used to infer that irreversible loss of oxygen from the compounds with occurs during the first charge to 4.8 V. This results in oxygen deficient layered materials with stoichiometry approximately equal to at 4.8 V. These oxygen deficient materials then react reversibly with lithium. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it