An approach for isolating high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes using monoclonal antibodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) play an important role in the breadmaking quality of wheat flour. In China, cultivars such as Triticum aestivum 'Xiaoyan No. 6' carrying the 1Bx14 and 1By15 glutenin subunits usually have attributes that result in high-quality bread and noodles. HMW-GS 1Bx14 and 1By15 were isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and used as an antigen to immunize BALB/c mice. A resulting monoclonal antibody belonging to the IgG1 subclass was shown to bind to all HMW-GSs of Triticum aestivum cultivars, but did not bind to other storage proteins of wheat seeds in a Western blot analysis. After screening a complementary DNA expression library from immature seeds of 'Xiaoyan No. 6' using the monoclonal antibody, the HMW-GS 1By15 gene was isolated and fully sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence showed an extra stretch of 15 amino acid repeats consisting of a hexapeptide and a nonapeptide in the repetitive domain of this y-type HMW subunit. Bacterial expression of a modified 1By15 gene, in which the coding sequence for the signal peptide was removed and a BamHI site eliminated, gave rise to a protein with mobility identical to that of HMW-GSs extracted from seeds of 'Xiaoyan No. 6' via SDS-PAGE. This approach for isolating genes using specific monoclonal antibody against HMW-GS genes is a good alternative to the extensively used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology based on sequence homology of HMW-GSs in wheat and its relatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".