Effects of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Tragacanth Gum on the Properties of Emulsion‐Based Drilling Fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research article investigates the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose and tragacanth gum on the rheological, filtration, and interfacial properties such as interfacial tension, contact angle, and zeta potential of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion‐based drilling fluids. The emulsification of the drilling fluid system was achieved well by tragacanth gum, as it demonstrated surfactant properties. It was observed that the addition of these polymers controls the rheological parameters and filtrate loss characteristics of the emulsion systems. The stability of emulsion systems was analyzed by measuring zeta potential, interfacial tension, and contact angle of the emulsion‐based drilling fluids. Carboxymethyl cellulose and tragacanth gum have shown significant effects on the stability of emulsion systems, and their properties vary with different concentrations of these additives. The flow behaviour of the drilling fluids was measured with varying concentrations of these oil and additives. The fluids are found to be shear thinning (pseudoplastic) with the addition of oil and additives. It was also found that rheological and filtration properties of drilling fluids are stable at 70 °C. By optimizing the concentrations of these additives in the emulsion system, fundamental parameters such as fluid rheology, filtrate loss, and pH can be enhanced, which are required for favourable drilling fluid selection during oil and gas well drilling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".