Comparative effects of 1α‐hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> on transporters and enzymes in <i>fxr(+/+)</i> and <i>fxr(‐/‐)</i> mice
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ] treatment in mice resulted in induction of intestinal and renal Cyp24a1 and Trpv6 expression, increased hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and activity, as well as higher renal Mdr1/P-gp expression. The present study compared the equimolar efficacies of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α(OH)D3 ] (6 nmol/kg i.p. q2d × 4), a lipophilic precursor with a longer plasma half-life that is converted to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , and 1,25(OH)2 D3 on vitamin D receptor (VDR) target genes. To clarify whether changes in VDR genes was due to VDR and not secondary, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-directed effects, namely, lower Cyp7a1 expression in rat liver due to increased bile acid absorption, wildtype [fxr(+/+)] and FXR knockout [fxr(-/-)] mice were used to distinguish between VDR and FXR effects. With the exception that hepatic Sult2a1 mRNA was increased equally well by 1α(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , 1α(OH)D3 treatment led to higher increases in hepatic Cyp7a1, renal Cyp24a1, VDR, Mdr1 and Mrp4, and intestinal Cyp24a1 and Trpv6 mRNA expression in both fxr(+/+) and fxr(-/-) mice compared to 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment. A similar induction in protein expression and microsomal activity of hepatic Cyp7a1 and renal P-gp and Mrp4 protein expression was noted for both compounds. A higher intestinal induction of Trpv6 was observed, resulting in greater hypercalcemic effect following 1α(OH)D3 treatment. The higher activity of 1α(OH)D3 was explained by its rapid conversion to 1,25(OH)2 D3 in tissue sites, furnishing higher plasma and tissue 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels compared to following 1,25(OH)2 D3 -treatment. In conclusion, 1α(OH)D3 exerts a greater effect on VDR gene induction than equimolar doses of 1,25(OH)2 D3 in mice.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it