Three-Dimensional Spatial Patterning of Proteins in Hydrogels
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to create three-dimensional biochemical environments that mimic those in vivo is valuable for the elucidation of fundamental biological phenomena and pathways. To this end, we designed a system in which proteins can be photochemically patterned in three dimensions within hydrogels under physiological conditions. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) was immobilized within agarose hydrogels that were modified with two-photon labile 6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin-protected thiols. Two different methods were developed for FGF2 immobilization. The first procedure relies on the protein containing free cysteines for the formation of disulfide bonds with photoexposed agarose thiols. The second procedure takes advantage of the femtomolar binding partners, human serum albumin (HSA) and albumin binding domain (ABD), which have K(D) values of ~10(-14) M. Here HSA-maleimide was chemically bound to photoexposed agarose thiols, and then the FGF2-ABD fusion protein was added to form a stable complex with the immobilized HSA. The use of orthogonal, physical binding pairs allows protein immobilization under mild conditions and can be broadly applied to any protein expressed as an ABD fusion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it