Time-domain and lock-in rate-window photocarrier radiometric measurements of recombination processes in silicon
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time-domain and lock-in rate-window photocarrier radiometry (PCR) configurations are introduced both experimentally and theoretically to investigate the responses of p- and n-type Si wafers under a repetition-period-scanned square-wave-modulated super-band-gap laser beam which produces free excess photocarriers. The complete asymmetric time-domain carrier diffusion and recombination boundary-value problem with different front- and back-surface recombination velocities was solved in terms of the full spectrum of spatial eigenmodes and used to fit the time-domain data. The accurate measurement of the photocarrier transport properties (bulk lifetime, surface recombination velocities, and ambipolar diffusivity) was found to require the linear superposition of all the effective decay lifetimes associated with the eigenmode spectrum. The effects of the infinite prior pulse train to the current photocarrier radiometric response wave form were quantified and were found to be very important for certain ranges of transport parameters, pulse durations, and repetition periods. The time-domain formalism was further used to develop a theory for lock-in rate-window photocarrier radiometry. The application of the theory to the experimental results shows that they retain the time-domain character of the photocarrier generation and recombination processes, with data quality and signal-to-noise ratio superior to coaddition-averaged transients, especially in the case of samples exhibiting very low time-domain PCR signals.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it