Selective involvement of the PI3K/PKB/bad pathway in retinal cell death
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/Bad signal transduction pathway is engaged in the control of apoptosis in many different cell types, particularly through phosphorylation of the Bcl-2 family protein Bad. We examined the involvement of this pathway in the control of programmed cell death in the retina of developing rats. PKB is constitutively phosphorylated in retinal tissue in vitro, whereas Bad was dephosphorylated both in Ser112 and Ser136. Cell death induced by either the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, or the general kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine, were followed by PKB dephosphorylation, but PKB was not modulated during cell death induced by the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. Treatment of retinal tissue cultures with forskolin, which increases intracellular levels of cAMP, partially blocked apoptosis induced by both anisomycin and 2-aminopurine, but not by LY294002, whereas forskolin invariably induced phosphorylation of Bad on both Ser112 and Ser136. The data suggest that Bad may be engaged in survival pathways in the immature retina, but pathways other than PI3K/PKB/Bad, and phosphorylation sites other than Ser112 and Ser136 in the Bad protein control cell survival in retinal tissue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".