Limnology of Shallow Lakes in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Interior Alaska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Data from 129 shallow riverine lakes within the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (between 65° 45'N and 67° 30'N and 142° 30'W and 150° 00'W) are presented as a baseline contribution to the regional limnology of Alaska. Ion composition reflected the composition of carbonate alluvium within the region; in most lakes Ca > Mg and bicarbonate dominated the anions (~90%). In lakes where alkali deposits occurred, Na, Mg and bicarbonate were the principal ions. Some 25% of the lakes were slightly brackish (conductivity >500 μS) to brackish. The lakes are colored, with 18 to 447 Pt-units. And, they are fertile, with over 70% classified as eu-or hypereutrophic on the basis of their nutrient content. Ratios of N:P suggested nitrogen was potentially limiting in about half the study lakes and was increasingly important at high P values. The yield of algal chlorophyll (Chl) per unit of plant nutrient was low in these lakes and Chl-nutrient relations explained less of the variance relative to published models. Invertebrate grazing potentially regulates Chi in some lakes. Typically these lakes freeze to the sediments and most do not support a permanent fishery. High ratios of organic suspended solids to Chl indicate detrital carbon contributes to the filterable carbon pool of these shallow lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".