Anti-invasive effect of gambogic acid in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) has been known to have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the anti-invasive effects of GA in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. The results indicated that GA significantly inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasion of the cells in vitro tested by the heterotypic adhesion assay, wound migration assay, and chamber invasion assay. Results of Western blotting and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that GA could suppress the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, gelatin zymography revealed that GA decreased the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, GA exerted an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK, while it had no effect on p38. Taken together, our results demonstrated the anti-invasive property of GA for the first time and indicated it could serve as a promising drug for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".