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Record W1988937523 · doi:10.1021/cg070503h

Fat Crystal Growth and Microstructural Evolution in Industrial Milk Chocolate

2008· article· en· W1988937523 on OpenAlex
Sopark Sonwai, Dérick Rousseau

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCrystal Growth & Design · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicFood Chemistry and Fat Analysis
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFood scienceGlobules of fatAmorphous solidChemistryMicrostructurePolymorphism (computer science)Phase (matter)Matrix (chemical analysis)Milk fatMaterials scienceCrystallographyChromatographyOrganic chemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Surface microstructure, solid fat content (SFC), whiteness index, and fat phase polymorphism in four milk chocolates were studied over 1 year. The fat phase of each chocolate differed in cocoa butter, milk fat, and cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) content. The microtopography of all samples roughened with time, with randomly distributed crystalline and amorphous features gradually appearing. Conelike structures manifested themselves on all chocolates, although at different rates, depending on composition. These may have formed by “welling” and deposition of liquid-state fat pushed from within the matrix onto the surface during contraction. Phase imaging using atomic force microscopy showed that the cones hardened with age. Although only slight changes in surface whiteness index and SFC as a function of time were observed, crystal outcroppings protruded from the cones on all chocolates, suggesting that these features acted as loci for bloom crystals. After 1 year of storage, only the formulation consisting of cocoa butter, no CBE, and a lower amount of milk fat showed signs of visual bloom. This formulation demonstrated the most intense cone growth and was the first to undergo the form V→VI polymorphic transition.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.532
Threshold uncertainty score0.471

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.200
Teacher spread0.170 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it