Pattern and transition of surficial bone texture of the centrosaurine frill and their ontogenetic and taxonomic implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Distinct textures have been observed on the surface of the parietals and squamosals of centrosaurine dinosaurs. It is widely held that they exhibit an ontogenetic succession and can be used as an index of progressive age-related changes. To date, the pattern of texture expression across the parietals and squamosals has not been traced. The pattern of transition from long-grained to subsequent textures on centrosaurine parietals is investigated by mapping their distribution on a size series hypothesized to represent an ontogenetic series. These data reveal a distinct and conservative pattern of texture occurrence and transition across all examined centrosaurine taxa. Small (putatively juvenile) specimens exhibit striated or long-grained texture, whereas the largest elements (presumed adult) demonstrate the complete absence of this texture. The transition from exclusively long-grained to total absence of long-grained texture is characterized by surficial changes in two regions: (1) the long-grained texture regresses along a front situated lateral and posterior to the parietal fenestrae, and (2) an anterior to posterior series of point source ‘islands’ forms along the dorsal midline of the parietal, associated with the midline undulations. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that the surface texture change is associated with growth and aging, and have implications for the taxonomy of both immature individuals and small-bodied taxa. Investigation of texture transitions subsequent to the long-grained to mottled transition (the mottled to adult transition) await the assembly of suitable series of nearly full grown conspecific individuals and cannot be reliably assessed employing the methodology used herein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".