Xylanase and laccase aided bio‐bleaching of wheat straw pulp
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper illustrates the application of enzymes (e.g. xylanase and laccase) in the bio‐bleaching of non‐woody material (e.g. wheat straw). The objective of this paper is to develop an alternative bleaching sequence avoiding the use of chlorine during bleaching. In the study, wheat straw pulp has been treated with commercially available xylanase and laccase separately and sequentially. Optimised parameters for the xylanase pre‐treatment are pH 5.5, temperature 60°C, enzyme dose 6 IU/g, pre‐treatment time 75 min and speed of agitation 80 rpm. Similarly, optimum parameters for laccase delignification are pH 3.5, temperature 60°C, enzyme dose 22.5 IU/g of oven dried pulp, mediator concentration 1.5% of oven dried pulp (odp), delignification time 10 h and speed of agitation 120 rpm. On the other hand, sequential treatments such as xylanase pre‐treatment (X) followed by laccase (L) and alkaline perdoxide (E) in presence of mediator have shown better reduction in kappa number, that is 24.84% as compared to LE in presence and absence of a mediator.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".