The governing electrodynamic equations of electromagnetic acoustic transducers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the governing electrodynamic equations of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) and extends them to the derivation of the magnetic- and acoustic-field equations in terms of the magnetic vector potential (MVP) and the acoustic wave particle displacement vector (PDV), respectively. It also provides formulations for calculating forces and current densities in the case of two-dimensional (2D) models of EMAT configurations in Cartesian coordinates. Existing methods solve the governing electrodynamic equations for field quantities to analyze EMATs. However, they ignore skin and proximity effects and rely on simple 2D configurations for EMAT coils. Taking into account skin and proximity effects in complex 2D EMAT coil configurations requires the application of the finite element method (FEM). The FEM can be applied to solve the equations stated in terms of the MVP and PDV in the modeling of EMATs. These formulations and expressions facilitate the development and presentation of the FEM for the modeling and analysis of EMATs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".