Freezing and Ice Recrystallization Properties of Sucrose Solutions Containing Ice Structuring Proteins from Cold‐Acclimated Winter Wheat Grass Extract
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The freezing properties of sucrose solutions containing ice structuring proteins (ISPs) from cold‐acclimated winter wheat grass extract (AWWE) were evaluated. Neither significant ice nucleation nor thermal hysteresis activity in unpurified AWWE were detected ( P > 0.05). Ice recrystallization in sucrose solutions was assessed by bright field microscopy. Ice crystal growth was significantly reduced with the addition of more than 0.05% total protein from AWWE in 23% sucrose solutions frozen under static conditions and temperature cycled under long periods of time (60 min). Ice recrystallization inhibition was not evident when the samples were temperature cycled for shorter periods of time (10 min), indicating that an adsorption time may be required for the ISPs to be significantly active. The ice recrystallization was reduced with the increased on ISP concentration until reaching a plateau after adding 0.13% total protein from AWWE, representing a surface coverage of 9 mg protein/m 2 ice (assuming 100% adsorption). The reduction of ice crystal growth was as high as 74% compared with the control. This ice recrystallization inhibition offers significant opportunity for the use of ISPs from AWWE in frozen foods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".