Environmental Degradation and the Lingering Threat of Refuse and Pollution in Lagos State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid environmental degradation taking place in Nigeria is increasingly becoming a major threat and is gradually changing the landscape, destroying the sources of livelihood. That is why the problems of pollution and waste management are getting more serious and complex in towns and cities than in villages, and more in densely populated areas than in regions of sparsely settlements. The sudden explosion of refuse dumps in most parts of Lagos led to the creation of Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA). With the management outfit, the situation is nearing an alarming state. In fact, the metropolitan city is under serious threat of being submerged in rapidly waste and filth. The questions are what is really wrong and where lies the solution amongst the various environmental policies? These questions and many others issues are what this paper were concerned with using empirical data from the metropolitan Lagos.The two major sources of data collection which include primary and secondary data were utilized. The household questionnaire survey was 200 that were randomly administered in the Local Governments of Oshodi-Isolo and Mushin as case studies. The justification of the two selected local governments is based on the fact that they are heavily populated residential areas with heavy wastes generated. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such as frequencies and cross-tabulation. The results revealed that the government agency and the private operators responsible for solid waste management are both proven inadequate to cope with the volume of wastes generated within the city.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".