Three Novel Pathogenic Mutations in K<sub>ATP</sub> Channel Genes and Somatic Imprinting Alterations of the 11p15 Region in Pancreatic Tissue in Patients with Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> This study was performed to investigate the molecular pathology underlying focal and diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The <i>ABCC8</i> and <i>KCNJ11</i> genes were analyzed in 3 patients with focal CHI and in 1 patient with diffuse CHI. Immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and microsatellite marker analyses of the 11p15 region were performed on both normal tissues and adenomatous hyperplasia lesions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 3 patients with focal CHI harbored paternally inherited <i>ABCC8</i> or <i>KCNJ11</i> mutations. Compound heterozygous <i>ABCC8</i> mutations were identified in the patient with diffuse CHI. In the 3 patients with focal CHI, homozygous <i>ABCC8</i> or <i>KCNJ11</i> mutations were identified within the lesions. MLPA and real-time PCR revealed the presence of two copies of 11p15. MS-MLPA and microsatellite analyses demonstrated abnormal imprinting patterns and focal loss of maternal 11p13-15 within the lesions. In contrast, parental heterozygosity was preserved in the normal tissue. In the patient with diffuse CHI, the two <i>ABCC8</i> mutations were conserved, and imprinting patterns at 11p15 were normal. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The epigenetic alteration at the 11p15 region plays a central role in developing focal CHI by paternally derived mutations of the K<sub>ATP</sub> channel and maternal allelic loss at this region. MS-MLPA and microsatellite analyses are useful to investigate the molecular etiology of CHI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".