Diffusion of metals in geosynthetic clay liners
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential for using geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) to mitigate metal mobility is dependent, in part, on consideration of its effectiveness as a diffusive barrier. In this context, laboratory-measured diffusion coefficients and supporting sorption data for metals (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn) are reported for the following four cases where a GCL might serve as an effective barrier material to metals and metalloids: acidic rock drainage, gold mine tailings, lime-treated mine effluent, and municipal solid waste. The average diffusion coefficients for Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe and Ni covered a narrow range from 0.67 × 10 −10 to 0.89 × 10 −10 m 2 /s. The diffusion coefficients for As, Al, Mg, Mn and Sr were in the range D = 0.80 × 10 −10 to D = 1.6 × 10 −10 . The diffusive movement of other more common inorganic ions such as Ca, Na, S (SO 4 ) and Cl are also considered, as well as the impact of pH, Eh and speciation on metal mobility in GCLs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it