Identification of genes associated with low furanocoumarin content in grapefruit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some furanocoumarins in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) are associated with the so-called grapefruit juice effect. Previous phytochemical quantification and genetic analysis suggested that the synthesis of these furanocoumarins may be controlled by a single gene in the pathway. In this study, cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis of fruit tissues was performed to identify the candidate gene(s) likely associated with low furanocoumarin content in grapefruit. Fifteen tentative differentially expressed fragments were cloned through the cDNA-AFLP analysis of the grapefruit variety Foster and its spontaneous low-furanocoumarin mutant Low Acid Foster. Sequence analysis revealed a cDNA-AFLP fragment, Contig 6, was homologous to a substrate-proved psoralen synthase gene, CYP71A22, and was part of citrus unigenes Cit.3003 and Csi.1332, and predicted genes Ciclev10004717m in mandarin and orange1.1g041507m in sweet orange. The two predicted genes contained the highly conserved motifs at one of the substrate recognition sites of CYP71A22. Digital gene expression profile showed the unigenes were expressed only in fruit and seed. Quantitative real-time PCR also proved Contig 6 was down-regulated in Low Acid Foster. These results showed the differentially expressed Contig 6 was related to the reduced furanocoumarin levels in the mutant. The identified fragment, homologs, unigenes, and genes may facilitate further furanocoumarin genetic study and grapefruit variety improvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".