Factors related to loss of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with loss of in vitro stimulated anti-HIV cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. METHODS: Immunological, virological and other characteristics of individuals who sustained anti-HIV CTL activity for prolonged periods with viral replication suppressed below detectable levels were compared with those that lost anti-HIV CTL activity under the same circumstances. Forty-four individuals, all but one receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy or combination therapy, were followed for 56 months. Virus load, lymphocyte counts, CD28 expression on CD8 T cells, in vitro restimulated HIV-specific CTL and T cell proliferation were assessed at regular intervals. RESULTS: Anti-HIV CTL responses were maintained throughout by 20 individuals with consistently detectable HIV replication and in 17 of 24 individuals with sustained suppression of HIV replication. As a group, the seven who lost anti-HIV CTL were older, had weaker baseline anti-HIV CTL activity, higher historical virus loads, lower historical and contemporary CD4 T cell counts and a lower percentage of CD8 T cells expressing CD28. Multivariate analysis suggested that CD4 T cell counts and anti-HIV CTL amplitude at study onset were independently associated with CTL loss in these individuals, as was percentage of CD8 T cells expressing CD28 at study's end. There was a significant direct correlation between nadir CD4 T cell counts and duration of anti-HIV CTL persistence after suppression of viral replication. CONCLUSIONS: Most HIV-infected individuals retain CD8 anti-HIV CTL with in vitro proliferative potential, even when antigen is limited. Those who lose HIV-specific CTL responses generally show past or current evidence of severe disease progression or activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".