Toward Personalized Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Bupropion
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined whether a pretreatment phenotypic marker of nicotine metabolism rate (NMR) predicts successful smoking cessation with bupropion. Smokers (N = 414) were tested for pretreatment NMR, based on the ratio of 3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine derived during smoking, before entering a placebo-controlled randomized trial of bupropion plus counseling. At the end of the 10-week treatment phase, slow metabolizers (1st NMR quartile) had equivalent quit rates with placebo or bupropion (32%). Fast metabolizers (4th NMR quartile) had low quit rates with placebo (10%), and these were enhanced significantly by bupropion (34%). Smokers in the 2nd quartile (placebo: 25%, bupropion: 30%) and the 3rd quartile (placebo: 20%, bupropion: 30%) did not benefit significantly from bupropion. At the 6-month follow-up, the relationship between the NMR and quitting remained similar, but was no longer statistically significant. A pretreatment assessment of NMR may identify smokers who are most and least likely to benefit from treatment with bupropion for smoking cessation. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2008); 84, 3, 320–325 doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.57
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it