Reliability and validity of three quality rating instruments for systematic reviews of observational studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the inter-rater reliability, validity, and inter-instrument agreement of the three quality rating instruments for observational studies. Inter-rater reliability, criterion validity, and inter-instrument reliability were assessed for three quality rating scales, the Downs and Black (D&B), Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS), and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), using a sample of 23 observational studies of musculoskeletal health outcomes. Inter-rater reliability for the D&B (Intraclass correlations [ICC] = 0.73; CI = 0.47-0.88) and NOS (ICC = 0.52; CI = 0.14-0.76) were moderate to good and was poor for the SIGN (κ = 0.09; CI = -0.22-0.40). The NOS was not statistically valid (p = 0.35), although the SIGN was statistically valid (p < 0.05) with medium to large effect sizes (f(2) = 0.29-0.47). Inter-instrument agreement estimates were κ = 0.34, CI = 0.05-0.62 (D&B versus SIGN), κ = 0.26, CI = 0.00-0.52 (SIGN versus NOS), and κ = 0.43, CI = 0.09-0.78 (D&B versus NOS). Reliability and validity are quite variable across quality rating scales used in assessing observational studies in systematic reviews. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.517 | 0.719 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.019 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.018 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".