Effect of St. John's Wort on the Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Healthy Volunteers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of St. John's wort (SJW, Hypericum perforatum) on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy Japanese male volunteers participated in this randomized, open-labeled, crossover study. The subjects took an SJW caplet (300 mg) three times a day for 15 days. On day 14, they received a single oral dose of 400 mg of theophylline. They took the same dose of theophylline without SJW treatment on another occasion. Plasma and urine samples were obtained during a 48-hour period after theophylline administration. Theophylline concentrations in plasma and urine, as well as the major metabolites (13U, 1U, 3X) in urine, were measured. SJW caused no significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in plasma. SJW administration tended to increase the ratio of 1U/the total amount excreted in urine. However, no changes in the ratio of unchanged theophylline, 13U, and 3X were observed. It is unlikely that the effect of 15 days of treatment with SJW on CYPs is sufficient to cause a change in plasma theophylline concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".