Use of organo-silica immobilized bacteria produced in a pilot scale plant to induce malolactic fermentation in wines that contain lysozyme
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The exploitation of organo-silica immobilized lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to perform malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine is described. The immobilization of a large amount of Oenococcus oeni cell culture was achieved by a two-step process in an original pilot plant. Cells are entrapped in Ca-alginate microbeads, coated with an organo-silica membrane obtained by two treatments: the first a sol suspension of tetraetoxysilane, the second using methyltriethoxysilane in gas phase. The resulting material improves the physico-chemical features of alginate, avoids cell leakage during fermentation, and protects the cells from antimicrobial compounds. In MLFs carried out at the microvinification scale, the activity of immobilized cells did not differ from that of free cells, and no differences were found in the chemical composition of the wines obtained. The use of immobilized bacteria allowed: (1) simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentations in must inoculated with free yeast and immobilized bacteria; (2) the sequential MLF of three wine lots with the same biomass of immobilized bacteria; (3) the achievement of MLF in a wine with lysozyme added to suppress wild LAB and their potential spoilage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".