CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolism is associated with increased quitting by adolescent smokers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variation in the CYP2A6 gene, which decreases the rate of nicotine metabolic inactivation, is associated with higher adult smoking cessation rates during clinical trials. We hypothesized that slow metabolism is associated with increased quitting during adolescence. White adolescent smokers (N=308, aged 12-17, 36.3% male) from a cohort study were genotyped for CYP2A6, resulting in 7.8% slow, 14.0% intermediate and 78.2% normal metabolizers. Overall, 144 smokers quit smoking, as indicated by being abstinent for at least 12 months. In logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio for quitting was 2.25 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 4.80; P=0.037) for slow metabolizers relative to normal metabolizers. A linear trend toward increased quitting with decreasing CYP2A6 activity was also observed (odds ratio=1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.02, 2.01; P=0.034). Thus, CYP2A6 slow metabolism is associated with increased adolescent smoking cessation, indicating that even early in the smoking history, genetic variation is influencing smoking cessation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it