NF-1C, Sp1, and Sp3 Are Essential for Transcription of the Human Gene for P450c17 (Steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase) in Human Adrenal NCI-H295A Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cytochrome P450c17 catalyzes steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities, which are required for the biosynthesis of cortisol and sex steroids. Human P450c17 is expressed in a cAMP-responsive, cell-specific, developmentally programmed fashion, but little is known about its transcriptional regulation. Expression of deletion mutants of up to 2,500 bp of human 5'-flanking DNA in human adrenal NCI-H295A cells indicated that most regulatory activity was confined to the first 227 bp. Deoxyribonuclease I footprinting of the proximal promoter identified the TATA box, an steroidogenic factor-1 site, and three previously uncharacterized sites at -107/85, at -178/-152, and at -220/-185. EMSAs and methylation interference assays suggested that the -107/-85 site and the -178/-152 site bind members of the NF-1 (nuclear factor-1) family of transcription factors. An NF-1 consensus sequence generated similar DNA/protein complexes, and antibodies against NF-1C2/CTF2 supershifted the complexes formed by the -107/-85 site, the -178/-152 site, and the NF-1 consensus site. Western blots of nuclear extracts from NCI-H295A cells probed with this NF-1 antiserum identified two NF-1 isoforms between 50 and 55 kDa. The presence of NF-1C2 (CTF2) and CTF5 in NCI-H295A cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR and sequencing. Mutation of both the -107/-85 and the -178/-152 NF-1 sites reduced basal transcription by half. Supershift assays showed that the ubiquitous proteins Sp1 and Sp3 both bind to the -227/-184 region, and that mutation of their binding sites reduced transcription by 75%. Mutation of the Sp1/Sp3 site plus the two NF-1 sites eliminated almost all detectable transcription. Thus, Sp1 and Sp3 binding to the -227/-184 site and NF-1C proteins binding to the -107/-85 and the -178/-152 sites are crucial for adrenal transcription of the human gene for P450c17.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".