Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer in Pulp Retention Towers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The volumetric gas‐liquid mass transfer rate, k L a , was measured under batch conditions in a 0.28 m diameter laboratory‐scale retention column. Tests on water, and on unbleached kraft (UBK) pulp suspensions (mass fractions, C m from 0.013 to 0.09) were made with air or nitrogen sparged through the column at superficial gas velocities between 0.0015 to 0.05 m/s. k L a varied with suspension mass concentration and superficial gas velocity, initially decreasing with increasing mass concentration, reaching a minimum between C m = 0.03 and 0.06, and then increasing. The minimum in k L a coincided with a change in hydrodynamics within the column, from bubble column behaviour below C m = 0.03 to porous solid behaviour above C m = 0.06.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".