The biological basis of epistasis between quantitative trait loci for flavone and 3-deoxyanthocyanin synthesis in maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A major weakness in our understanding of the genetic basis of complex traits has been that of defining the extent and biological basis of epistasis. Our research group has been studying the genetic control of the accumulation of maysin, a C-glycosyl flavone, in maize, Zea mays (L.), silks. Previously, we demonstrated the importance of the p1 locus as a QTL for maysin synthesis. The p1 locus often exhibits significant epistatic interactions with other loci. We developed a mapping population, (W23al x GT119)F2, specifically designed to test whether genes in an intersecting pathway might be detected as QTLs for maysin synthesis and result in epistatic interaction effects. The a1 gene is not required for the synthesis of flavones but is required for the synthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanins, an intersecting pathway, in maize silks. The p1 locus (P < 0.0001) was a QTL for both flavones and 3-deoxyanthocyanins. The a1 locus was also highly significant (P < 0.0001) for both traits, as was the p1 x a1 epistatic interaction (P < 0.0001). Our results demonstrate that altering the flux of biochemical intermediates between pathways may be the biological basis of major QTL effects and epistatic interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".