Interactions between Denatured Milk Serum Proteins and Casein Micelles Studied by Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The acid-induced aggregation of casein micelles from milk, in the presence of different whey protein preparations from heated and unheated milk, has been studied using diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). In particular, the study focused on the turbidity (or l*) parameter obtainable from DWS, which can give information on the interactions between particles in aggregating systems. The experiments provided evidence that the presence of small, soluble, whey protein/kappa-casein aggregates derived from heated milk gave rise to interactions with both heated and unheated casein micelles over a pH range of 5.6 down to 5.2. Comparison of heated and unheated milks, together with milks whose sera had been exchanged, showed that direct interactions were indeed occurring, even between untreated casein micelles and soluble whey protein complexes. Comparison of the behavior of the whey protein aggregates in emulsion preparations where they could not interact with the large particles confirmed that the effect was specific to the presence of casein micelles and could not arise simply from the aggregation of the whey proteins themselves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".