Repetitive DNA sequences in <i>Crocus</i> <i>vernus </i>Hill (Iridaceae): The genomic organization and distribution of dispersed elements in the genus <i>Crocus</i> and its allies
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eight clones of repetitive DNA were isolated from Crocus vernus Hill. The genomic organization of the clones was analyzed by in situ hybridization to C. vernus and Southern hybridization to a range of Crocus and other species. Seven clones were used for in situ hybridization. Sequence analysis showed that all eight clones were nonhomologous, and thus represented eight different sequence-families. In situ hybridization showed that six were dispersed in high copy numbers on all chromosomes of the C. vernus genome, whereas one was localized proximal to the secondary constriction, at the NOR (nucleolar organizer region) and was not further analyzed, as it was considered part of the 18S-25S rDNA repeat. Except for short palindromes, none of the sequences showed notable internal structures. Clone pCvKB4 showed homology to the reverse transcriptase gene of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons; the others showed no homology to known sequences. When used as probes for Southern hybridization, four showed a ladder of 3-4 bands superimposed by irregular patterns, indicating organization in short tandem arrays. Each clone had a unique distribution among Crocus species (12-16 species analyzed with each clone) and six species of Iridaceae, Liliaceae, and Amaryllidaceae; all seven investigated sequences were Iridaceae specific and four were Crocus specific. The species distribution of these seven clones showed notable discrepancies with the taxonomic subdivision of the genus at the subgenus, section, and series levels. The results suggest that the phylogeny and taxonomic structure of the genus Crocus might need reconsideration. The analysis of repetitive DNA as a major and rapidly evolving part of the genome could contribute to the study of species relationships and evolution.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it