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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
Stephen Sawcer, Maria Ban, Anu Kemppinen, Alastair Compston, Sheila Skidmore, Amie Baker, Colin Freeman, Matti Pirinen, Gavin Band, Amy Strange, Gil McVean, Peter Donnelly, Zhan Su, Eleni Giannoulatou, Chris C. A. Spencer, Céline Bellenguez, Garrett Hellenthal, Anna Rautanen, Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, Philip L. De Jager, Kristin Ardlie, David A. Hafler, Cristin Aubin, Susan Pobywajlo, Loukas Moutsianas, Alexander Dilthey, Pamela Whittaker, Sara Widaa, Sarah Hunt, Matthew Waller, Rathi Ravindrarajah, Sarah Edkins, Simon Potter, Naomi Hammond, Suzannah J. Bumpstead, Emma Gray, Michelle Ricketts, Panos Deloukas, Cordelia Langford, Aarno Palotie, M. L. Perez, Matthew Gillman, Hannah Blackburn, Owen T McCann, Rhian Gwilliam, Jennifer Liddle, Serge Dronov, Paul A. Weston, Alagurevathi Jayakumar, Graeme J. Stewart, Rob N. Heard, David R. Booth, Rita Dobosi, Bénédicte Dubois, Katleen Clysters, An Goris, Annette Oturai, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Finn Sellebjerg, Helle Bach Søndergaard, Janna Saarela, Bertrand Fontaine, Claire Fontenille, Isabelle Cournu‐Rebeix, Bernhard Hemmer, Muna Hoshi, Dorothea Buck, Sabine Cepok, Achim Berthele, Frauke Zipp, Roland Martinꝉ, Sabine Roesner, Stephen Leslie, Stanley Hawkins, Laura Bergamaschi, Gıancarlo Comı, Mariaemma Rodegher, Vittorio Martinelli, Federica Esposito, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Hanne F. Harbo, Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius, C. Smestad, Åslaug Rudjord Lorentzen, Anne Spurkland, Marcin P. Mycko, Krzysztof Selmaj, E. Tronczyńska, Xavier Montalbán, Manuel Comabella, Ingrid Kockum, Tomas Olsson, Jan Hillert, Maja Jagodic, Jenny Link, Fredrik Piehl, Emilie Sundqvist, Izaura Lima Bomfim, Richard C. Strange, Tania Mihalova, Roby Abraham, Clive Hawkins, Jeremy Hobart, Jane Vickery, Wendy Ingram, John Zajicek, Trevor Pickersgill, M. Cossburn, K. Baker, Neil P. Robertson, Gillian Ingram, Patricia P. Ramsay, Hong Quach, Lisa F. Barcellos, Ling Shen, Catherine Schaefer, Brigid Simms-Acuna, Allan Bernstein, Lars Alfredsson, Adam Santaniello, Bruce Cree, Robin Lincoln, Stephen L. Hauser, Jorge R. Oksenberg, Sergio E. Baranzini, Refujia Gomez, Roberto Bergamaschi, Mike Boggild, Joseph Glessner, Frank Mentch, Rosetta Chiavacci, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Haitao Zhang, Cecilia Kim, Håkon Håkonarson, David Brassat, Simon Broadley, Trevor J. Kilpatrick, Justin P. Rubio, Niall Tubridy, Ruggero Capra, Allan G. Kermode, William M. Carroll, Paola Cavalla, Françoise Clerget‐Darpoux, Mathew Cox, Jeannette Lechner‐Scott, Rodney J. Scott, Wendy Cozen, Talat Islam, Thomas M. Mack, Laura Piccio, Anne H. Cross, Fabìo Macciardi, Sara Lupoli, Daniele Cusi, Mark J. Daly, Adrian J. Ivinson, William Ollier, Katherine Dixon, Emma Davis, Marc Debouverie, David Ellinghaus, André Franke, Stefan Schreiber, Michael Wittig, Irina Elovaara, Jim Stankovich, Simon J. Foote, Bruce Taylor, Daniela Galimberti, Angelo Ghezzi, Olivier Gout, Colin A. Graham, Struan F.A. Grant, Franca Rosa Guerini, Per Hall, Anders Hamsten, Malin Larsson, Mark Lathrop, Simon Heath, Carmen Infante‐Duarte, Michael Kabesch, Norman Klopp, Keijo Koivisto, Paola Naldi, Maurizio Leone, Ulrika Liljedahl, Jianjun Liu, Deborah Mason
Bibliographic record
VenueNature · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Canadian institutionsMontreal Heart InstituteUniversité de Montréal
FundersNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNational Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesMedical Research CouncilNational Institutes of HealthHaukeland UniversitetssjukehusVlaamse regeringNorges ForskningsrådStockholms Läns LandstingNational Cancer InstituteKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseFondazione CRTHjärnfondenInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleMultiple Sclerosis AustraliaHelsingin ja Uudenmaan SairaanhoitopiiriMultiple Sclerosis SocietyMinistero della SaluteForskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och SocialvetenskapNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesAgence Nationale de la RechercheWellcome TrustParkinson's UKInstitute of Clinical and Translational SciencesFondation pour l'Aide à la Recherche sur la Sclérose en PlaquesRegione PiemonteDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftBiogenFogarty International CenterFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekSusan G. Komen for the CureAcademy of FinlandChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaScleroseforeningenU.S. Public Health ServiceKaiser Permanente
KeywordsMultiple sclerosisPrimary (astronomy)Immune systemBiologyNeuroscienceGeneticsMedicineImmunology
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.011
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.222
Teacher spread0.201 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations2,739
Published2011
Admission routes1
Has abstractno