Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Immune Cells: Direct and Indirect Effects on Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key means of signal transduction in the immune system, initiating signals from antigen receptors, integrins, and cytokine receptors. Tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by the balance of tyrosine kinase and tyrosine phosphatase activities. Src family kinases are prevalent in leukocytes and play critical roles in many signaling pathways present in immune cells. For example, they are the key kinases that phosphorylate both immunoreceptor tyrosinebased activation and inhibitory motifs. CD45 is a leukocyte-specific, transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase and an important regulator of Src family kinase activity. Here, we briefly review the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in key signaling pathways in immune cells and then review the accumulating evidence for tyrosine phosphorylation in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling leading to proinflammatory cytokine and type I interferon production. We examine how tyrosine phosphorylation directly impacts TLR signaling pathways and review the involvement of specific tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Finally, we consider how tyrosine phosphorylation signals from other signaling pathways integrate with the TLR signaling pathway to modulate proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it