Use of Radiology Practice Guidelines and Compliance with Accreditation Standards in US and Canadian Dental Schools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1992 and 1997, all US and Canadian dental schools were surveyed by mail regarding the preferred initial radiographic examination prescribed for non-emergency, comprehensive-care patients (dentulous adults, edentulous adults, and children). In both survey years, a minority of US and Canadian dental schools reported using selection criteria for dentulous adults and children, while nearly all schools reported doing so for edentulous adults. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to investigate the relationship between the use of radiology selection criteria (vs. predetermined routine examinations) in US and Canadian dental school clinics and three factors: (1) the credentials of the chief-of-service, (2) institutional funding, and (3) geographic region. "Credentials of the chief-of-service" is the single factor significantly related to the distributions of radiographic examinations prescribed for dentulous adults in both years (Fisher exact test, p < or = 0.02). There are no statistically significant relationships for edentulous adults or children in either year. Multivariate analyses (logistic regression) of the 1997 data reveal that institutions with a credentialed chief-of-service are 2.39 times more likely to report using selection criteria than institutions with a noncredentialed chief-of-service; private institutions are 1.13 times more likely than public institutions, and Canadian schools are 3.65 times more likely than US schools. A similar trend was identified for children. Analysis of the 1992 data revealed similar trends for the credentials of the chief-of-service and the geographic region, but showed no association between institutional funding source and the use of selection criteria. Contrary to accreditation standards, most US and Canadian dental schools obtained pre-determined routine radiographic examinations on most new patients. However, the presence of a credentialed chief-of-service had a positive effect on the use of selection criteria for dentulous adults and children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.057 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".